Which factors commonly contribute to postpartum constipation?

• A. Opioid analgesics, dehydration, and decreased activity
• B. High-fiber diet
• C. Adequate hydration
• D. Regular ambulation

Answer: (A)

Postpartum constipation is most often caused by slowing of bowel movements due to opioid analgesics, along with dehydration and reduced activity. Opioids slow GI motility by acting on receptors in the gut, which decreases peristalsis and makes stools harder to pass. Dehydration reduces water content in the stool, leading to hardness and difficulty with passage. Less physical activity means less colon stimulation, further slowing transit. By contrast, a high-fiber diet, adequate hydration, and regular ambulation help prevent constipation by increasing stool bulk, maintaining hydration, and promoting motility.